𝑰𝒔 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼𝑺?
𝒀𝒆𝒔, 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔, 𝒐𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑨𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓). 𝑨𝒔 𝒂 𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒍𝒐𝒘-𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆, 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒉𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝑼.𝑺. 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔, 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒂𝒋𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒉𝒖𝒃𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒔 𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝑪𝒊𝒕𝒚 (𝑴𝑬𝑿), 𝑮𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒋𝒂𝒓𝒂 (𝑮𝑫𝑳), 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑻𝒊𝒋𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒂 (𝑻𝑰𝑱) 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓).
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒇𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝟐𝟎 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔, 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒌𝒆𝒚 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼.𝑺.–𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒆𝒕 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓). 𝑪𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒔 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒔, 𝑺𝒂𝒏 𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒈𝒐, 𝑺𝒂𝒏 𝑱𝒐𝒔𝒆, 𝑶𝒂𝒌𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅, 𝑺𝒂𝒏 𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐, 𝑳𝒂𝒔 𝑽𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒔, 𝑷𝒉𝒐𝒆𝒏𝒊𝒙, 𝑻𝒖𝒄𝒔𝒐𝒏, 𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓, 𝑫𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒔/𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉, 𝑯𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒏, 𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒈𝒐, 𝑴𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒊, 𝑶𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐, 𝑵𝒆𝒘 𝒀𝒐𝒓𝒌 (𝑱𝑭𝑲), 𝑺𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒍𝒆, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑾𝒂𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒐𝒏, 𝑫.𝑪. (𝑰𝑨𝑫) 𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓). 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒍𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒐, 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔-𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓).
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝑼.𝑺. 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔, 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒂 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔, 𝒂𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒂𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓). 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔, 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒅𝒅-𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, 𝒃𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒂𝒈𝒆, 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒃𝒐𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓).
𝑨𝒍𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒔 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒐, 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼.𝑺. 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑭𝑨𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑼.𝑺. 𝑫𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓). 𝑼.𝑺.-𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒃𝒐𝒐𝒌 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒇𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆’𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆, 𝒎𝒐𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒑𝒑, 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒔, 𝒐𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒋𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑮𝒐𝒐𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑭𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓). 𝑨𝒍𝒍 𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆, 𝒘𝒆𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃𝒐𝒐𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒗𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑬𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒉, 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼.𝑺. 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒆𝒕 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓).
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔-𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑼.𝑺.-𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔, 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒕 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒇𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓). 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒄 𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌-𝒊𝒏, 𝒎𝒐𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒍𝒆𝒔, 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒖𝒅𝒈𝒆𝒕-𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉-𝒔𝒂𝒗𝒗𝒚 𝑼.𝑺. 𝒇𝒍𝒚𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓).
𝑰𝒏 𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒚, 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒎𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼.𝑺., 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒂𝒋𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒌𝒆𝒚 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑴𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃𝒆𝒚𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓). 𝑰𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒄𝒉𝒐𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕-𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍, 𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒔𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼.𝑺. 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝟏-(𝟖𝟓𝟓)-(𝟕𝟑𝟖)-(𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟓).